ATG12 (Autophagy Related 12) is a gene crucial for the autophagy process — a cellular mechanism that degrades and recycles damaged components. ATG12 forms a complex with ATG5, an essential step in the formation of autophagosomes. This function aids cell survival during stress and helps preserve cellular health. Disruptions in ATG12 activity have been linked to conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.