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HIV-1
HIV-1 is the most common variety of the human immunodeficiency virus. It primarily attacks immune cells (especially CD4 T-cells) and, if untreated, can gradually weaken the immune system over time. HIV-1 is the main cause of the global HIV epidemic and is the strain most people mean when they say “HIV”.
Description
What is HIV-1?
HIV-1 is a virus that infects and damages cells in the immune system. Over time, a declining count of CD4 T-cells can reduce the body’s ability to fight infections. Without treatment, HIV infection can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), which is the advanced stage of HIV infection.
How is HIV-1 transmitted?
HIV-1 can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Common transmission routes include unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles/syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. It is not spread through casual contact such as hugging, sharing utensils, or using the same toilet.
What does a self-test detect for HIV-1?
Self-tests like this one detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HIV-1 (and HIV-2). Antibodies are not always detectable immediately after exposure, which is why timing matters.
Window period and testing timing
After a possible exposure, it may take time before antibodies reach detectable levels. During this “window period,” a test can be negative even if infection has occurred. If exposure is recent, repeating testing later and/or seeking medical advice for appropriate follow-up is important.
