Progesterone is a hormone that plays a vital role in the female reproductive system, mainly produced in the ovaries after ovulation. It prepares the uterus for pregnancy and supports its maintenance if conception occurs, while a decline in progesterone triggers menstruation. Apart from reproduction, progesterone affects sexual desire, mood, and bone health. During pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone to aid fetal development and prepare for breastfeeding. In men, progesterone is present in smaller amounts and helps in sperm production.
Testing progesterone levels can be particularly beneficial for women experiencing infertility or recurrent miscarriages, as it’s crucial for maintaining early pregnancy. It’s also helpful for diagnosing conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or luteal phase defects in women with irregular menstrual cycles. Those undergoing hormone replacement therapy, including menopausal women and transgender individuals, may need their progesterone levels monitored to adjust treatment. Additionally, testing can aid in identifying the causes of severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or menstrual irregularities. In pregnant women, progesterone levels can sometimes indicate the health of the placenta.
Natural progesterone, identical to the hormone produced by the human body, is often used in hormone replacement therapy and for menstrual and fertility issues, with fewer side effects compared to synthetic versions. Synthetic progestins, man-made to mimic natural progesterone but with different chemical structures, are commonly found in hormonal contraceptives and some HRT types.